The Terracotta Army: A Mysterious Funerary Practice
The Terracotta Army, also known as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, is one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of the 20th century. Located in Xi'an, China, it is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of the Qin Dynasty, dating back to approximately 246 BCE. The Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 by local farmers who were digging a well. This article delves into the history, discovery, and significance of the Terracotta Army, exploring the mysterious funerary practices of ancient China.Introduction
The Terracotta Army was created to accompany the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, in his afterlife. The construction of the army began in 246 BCE when the emperor started his rule and continued until 208 BCE. The Terracotta Army is believed to be a part of a larger necropolis that includes the emperor's mausoleum, which has not yet been excavated due to concerns over potential damage from exposure to air and light.Historical Context
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The discovery of the Terracotta Army was accidental. In March 1974, farmers in Lintong District, about 1.5 kilometers east of the Qin emperor's tomb, were digging a well for a collective water source. They stumbled upon fragments of terracotta, including the head of a life-sized terracotta soldier. The discovery was reported to the authorities, and archaeologists soon began to excavate the site. The extent of the Terracotta Army was astonishing, with thousands of soldiers, horses, and chariots found in pits near the emperor's tomb.Discovery of the Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army consists of more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses, most of which are still buried. Each figure was crafted individually, with unique features, including facial expressions and hairstyles. The Terracotta Army is divided into different units, including infantry, archers, and officers, each with their specific clothing and armor. The level of detail and realism in these sculptures is a testament to the skill of the ancient Chinese artisans.Composition and Features
The creation of the Terracotta Army reflects the funerary practices and beliefs of ancient China. It was believed that the soul continued to live in the afterlife, and the deceased required the same comforts and protections as they had in life. The Terracotta Army was intended to protect the emperor in his afterlife and to ensure that he had an army to command. The practice of burying objects with the deceased, known as grave goods, was common in ancient China, but the scale and complexity of the Terracotta Army are unparalleled.Funerary Practices and Beliefs
The Terracotta Army has become a symbol of China's rich cultural heritage and a major tourist attraction. The site has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and efforts have been made to preserve and protect the sculptures. However, the preservation of the Terracotta Army faces challenges, including environmental factors and the risk of theft. In recent years, there have been reports of illegal excavations and looting, highlighting the need for continued conservation efforts.Modern Significance and Preservation
The Terracotta Army is a remarkable example of ancient Chinese art and craftsmanship. It provides a unique insight into the funerary practices and beliefs of the Qin Dynasty. The discovery of the Terracotta Army has not only enriched our understanding of ancient Chinese history but also sparked interest in the preservation of cultural heritage. As one of the most significant archaeological finds, the Terracotta Army continues to captivate the imagination of people around the world.Conclusion
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